Material da 1a aula

Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and viral infections are caused by viruses. Infections caused by bacteria include strep throat, tuberculosis and urinary tract infections. Diseases that result from viruses include chickenpox, AIDS and the common cold.   Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that thrive in many different types of environments. Some varieties live in extremes of cold or heat, while others make their home in people's intestines, where they help digest food. Most bacteria cause no harm to people. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and require living hosts — such as people, plants or animals — to multiply. Otherwise, they can't survive. When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over the cell machinery, redirecting it to produce the virus. Perhaps the most important distinction between bacteria and viruses is that antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but they aren't effective against viruses. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine whether a bacterium or a virus is causing your symptoms. Many ailments — such as pneumonia, meningitis and diarrhea — can be caused by either type of microbe. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has helped create strains of bacterial disease that are resistant to treatment with different types of antibiotic medications.

Fale sobre o ambiente em que cada um desses seres vive.

Quais são mais resistentes ao meio em que vivem?

(…) any of a domain of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their biochemical effects and pathogenicity;

Sobre qual dos seres da primeira leitura se reporta essa segunda leitura?

Qual a principal diferenciação que é feita sobre esses seres? Vemos sempre essa classificação em bulas de remédios.

Any of the unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms of the class Schizomycetes, which vary in terms of morphology, oxygen and nutritional requirements, and motility, and may be free-living, saprophytic, or pathogenic in plants or animals.


Nessa outra definição, um novo dado é informado sobre tal organismo. Esse dado nos remete a uma nova divisão. Que divisão é essa?

These beings  can also form spores, dehydrated forms that are relatively resistant to heat, cold, lack of water, toxic chemicals and radiation. Most of them have a rigid cell wall outside of the cell membrane primarily composed of a dense layer of peptidoglycan, a network of polysaccharide chains with polypeptide cross-links. Some antimicrobial agents, the penicillins and cephalosporins, act by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis.

Como os remédios, normalmente,  freiam a proliferação desses seres em nossos organismos?

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O que dificultou sua compreensão?

O que facilitou sua compreensão?

Você já tinha visto esse assunto em uma de suas aulas? Onde e quando?

Highlight the words that you consider similar to our language. Can you distinguish if they are from Latin or Greek origin?

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Go to page 33 on your book and read The Research Projects Session. Has it got the same level of difficulty you found in the previous readings? Why / Why not?